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what are ism frequency bands and the use cases

What are the ISM frequency bands and the use cases?

December 10, 2022

In each country, the wireless communication radio spectrum is defined and regulated by a certain organizational authority that allows different applications to operate in their defined band to serve the users. In North America, this authority is known as FCC and in Europe, ETSI makes such regulatory decisions. These authorities allocate the radio frequency bandwidth to each individual application including television and radio broadcasting, telecommunication services, military, government, etc. For operating your specific application, you have to get permission from these authorities to use a certain frequency for your service. However, the regulators have also set aside specific frequency bands which can be flexibly used by users. These bands are known as ISM frequency bands. In this article, you will learn everything about ISM bands, which frequency bands are included in it, and what are its applications. So, let’s start: Defining ISM Bands ISM stands for industrial, scientific, and medical

What is ZigBee Technology and How it Works?

December 4, 2022

What is ZigBee? ZigBee is a widely used wireless communication protocol on the Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine-to-machine (M2M) applications. The main purpose of setting up a low-rate wireless technology is to achieve low-power end-to-end devices. The ZigBee wireless standard is based on IEEE 802.15.4 personal area network standard. It operates in the unlicensed spectrum of bands 2.4 GHz, 900 MHz, and 868 MHz. Apart from having a low rate, ZigBee devices would have lower power consumption, leading them to have long battery life. This is where ZigBee devices would have their advantages over similar short-range wireless technologies such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. Since Wi-Fi and Bluetooth devices have very battery life compared to that ZigBee devices. The operating range of ZigBee devices is in the range from 10 m – 100 m. The proposal for ZigBee was made by an alliance known as ZigBee Alliance established around 2002. Then, in

What are 4G LTE Frequency Bands?

December 2, 2022

Each cellular network is designed to meet the increasing demands of users better than ever. People heavily rely on wireless networks for connectivity and communication. Cellular networks allow them to enjoy different desirable services including video streaming, virtual conferences, and fast downloading/uploading over high data rate, larger frequency band, and security collaboration. The increase in user demands has led to the emergence of new cellular generations one after the other. 4G LTE, standardized by 3GPP, has become a highly flexible and accommodating network that allows network operators to fulfill the customer demands efficiently. We have introduced what is 4G LTE in detail before, now this article provides a detailed overview of 4G LTE and what are its frequency bands. Also, it sheds light over the 5G spectrum in comparison to 4G spectrum. So, let’s begin: What is 4G LTE 4G LTE is the next cellular generation after the 3G networks

What is Machine to Machine (M2M)?

November 28, 2022

What is M2M? M2M stands for machine-to-machine communication systems. It defines the communication between different machines without human intervention. The motivation for such a system of networked devices was prominent with the development of internet and wireless technologies. The first industrial sector to adopt M2M communications was the manufacturing factories and plants. However, these implementations were not 100% on par with the formal definition of M2M communication. Since, there was still human intervention in the processes, the definition of M2M needed zero human intervention. With the advancement of the internet, automation, and wireless technologies, the face of M2M transformed over the years. It also got expanded to many other sectors of applications such as healthcare, agriculture, and the automation industry. The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the technological revolutions that appeared, which has roots in M2M communication systems. How M2M works? When considering the working mechanism behind M2M, communication mechanisms

What is MU MIMO Technology and Why Do You Need It?

November 27, 2022

MU-MIMO stands for multi-user, multiple input, and multiple outputs. It is a wireless technology that uses multiple antennas for communication. It was first introduced in 2015 as part of the Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac) standard, with the Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) protocol adding MU-MIMO support for uplink. Whenever a single access point needs to communicate with multiple clients, MU-MIMO is used there. We have introduced what is MIMO before and now let’s learn about what is MU-MIMO. What is MIMO We have introduced what is MIMO technology in detail before, most routers can only communicate with a single device at a time. Therefore, when more devices need to connect to a single router, the slower moves because each device has to wait for its turn to send and receive data from the Internet. Similarly, when another new device connects it becomes a little longer. Therefore, MU-MIMO plays an important role by reducing wait time and

What is RFID and how does it work?

November 25, 2022

RFID (Radio-frequency identification) has grown exponentially across all industry verticals to the point where the RFID market is expected to amount to $14.69 billion in 2026 at a 9.3% CAGR. At this point, it is clear that the technology will be around a common consumer for a long period in different forms. Therefore, this blog provides the ultimate guide about what RFID is and how it works. What is RFID (Radio-frequency identification)? Radio-frequency identification, also known as RFID, is a wireless communication technology that is particularly used as a medium for proximity communication. To be precise, RFID is an electromagnetic communication method where RFID tags with digital data encoding are placed on objects or systems so that RFID readers can detect them uniquely for various applications. RFID is versatile in its development and deployment. The majority of RFID applications are based on the innovative use of RFID tags and RFID

What is Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT)?

November 23, 2022

What is NB-IoT? With the introduction of non-cellular LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technologies such as LoRa and Sigfox, the mobile industry responded to these emerging technologies with NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) for IoT and M2M (Machine-to-Machine) applications. This was introduced as part of the release (13) of the 3GPP cellular standards body, which is also known as LTE CAT-NB. The main objectives of the introduction of NB-IoT were to introduce long battery life, low latency, low power, and improved indoor coverage. Another interesting feature of NB-IoT deployments is the ability to co-exist with 2G, 3G, and 4G mobile networks, also 3GPP has already made provisions for the inclusion of NB-IoT in 5G standards. Now let’s dive into more details about the operation of NB-IoT and its features. How does it work? NB-IoT utilizes the mobile carrier network for data transmission. The data from the sensors are collected and are transmitted to transmission nodes or NB-IoT base stations. These transmission nodes are

What is a Wireless Access Point?

November 22, 2022

An access point is the core device in a wireless-based network. Most of the access points are used in the wireless-based network. The main function of the access point is to connect the local devices that are available in the local area network. In order to increase the range of the wireless-based network most of the companies and offices etc. are used the access point. A lot of users can connect with a single access point by using the wireless network. What is an Access Point? Access points create a small wireless local area network (WLAN). Most of the access points are used in offices, companies and in a large home in order to cover each corner of the offices, etc. An access point is directly connected to the main router, hub, or switch by using the Ethernet cable. All the devices in the local area network can communicate with

What is sigfox? Everything you need to know

November 21, 2022

With the advancement of information technology, the requirement for enabling wireless communication has become an important factor in realizing modern applications. Connected networks of machines and devices communicating with each other in Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) applications require wireless communication techniques as these devices are widely spread over a large geographical area. Furthermore, these devices would be battery powered meaning they require low power-consuming communication technologies which are also capable of communicating over a large range of distances. As a result of these requirements, we see increasingly communication technologies competing such as LoRa, Sigfox and NB-IoT etc. This article will discuss what is Sigfox and its applications and significance. What is Sigfox? Sigfox is a narrowband LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) protocol developed in 2009 in France. This protocol is widely used in IoT when the volume data is low and the operating range is large (more than tens of km). Sigfox uses

Difference between wireless access point and router

November 6, 2022

As technology grows new wireless devices come into the market. The new devices come into the market in order to help and maintain your home or business connectivity easier. To assist you in planning and assessing your home and business network, this article will comprehensively examine the similarities and differences between routers and access points(AP). What is Access Point Different devices are used in the wireless based network. In a wireless network, access point is the primary device that handles all the operations on the user side. Wireless access point connects all the user end devices and transmits all the data over the internet. All the devices that are available in the local area network are connected to the access point. As the wireless access point comes with wireless antennas so the access point easily increases the coverage of the Wi-Fi signals. A lot of users can connect with the single

What are 5G Frequency Bands?

October 19, 2022

5G cellular network is an integration of multiple innovative technologies such as the Internet-of-Things (IoT), multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO), millimeter wave (mmWave), network virtual function (NFV), softer-defined network (SDN), and many more. 5G will provide super-fast data rate, higher capacity, and larger frequency band to these technologies to perform to their maximum potential and respond to user requests in no time. 5G services will be initially deployed on the current 4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) network, termed as Non-Standalone (NSA) 5G. It will share the traffic space with 4G LTE by using frequencies ranging in sub-6 GHz that 4G LTE also uses to provide services to users. However, once its core architecture is deployed completely, 5G will use its network for all operations and services, becoming Standalone (SA) 5G. In this article, we present a detailed overview of what are 5G frequency bands and which technologies will operate in them. So, let’s

The 7 main components of the IoT ecosystem

October 18, 2022

Internet of Thigs (IoT) refers to a collection of interconnected things which are capable of sensing, actuating and communicating in a wide network with or without direct human intervention. They are also capable of acting according to changes in environment autonomously by triggering process and sharing this information in the network to process and generate valuable information regarding their environment. This is now a well-established rapidly growing technology with more 20 billion devices identified as IoT devices by 2025. Core concepts behind IoT are “smart objects” and “smart environments”. Smart object is a physical object that is equipped with a processor, data storage system, sensor system and network technology for communication. Some of these objects can affect their environment by means of actuators. Going with the same definition, a smart environment refers to the physical extent to which smart objects are deployed and interacting. Now having a brief understanding about